![]() ![]() This has led to a rapid expansion in the study of functional brain research studies concerning the functional organization of the human brain, neuronal dynamic connectivity, and neuronal plasticity in the cortex have been successfully conducted using figure-eight coils. Implementing TMS using a figure-eight coil is advantageous in the localized stimulation of the brain. Subsequently, a method of localized brain stimulation with a figure-eight coil was proposed ( Ueno et al., 1988), and the stimulation of the human MC within a 5-mm resolution was achieved ( Ueno et al., 1990). However, it was difficult to locally stimulate the targeted areas in the brain using a circular coil. This successful demonstration greatly impacted the scientific community. TMS was first reported over three decades ago in a study using a circular coil ( Barker et al., 1985), in which a recordable electromyography response was elicited from the stimulation to the motor cortex (MC). The induced electric fields influence neurons in the brain when the neurons receive some level of electric excitation. This induces electric fields in the brain in accordance with Faraday’s law. ![]() The coil is driven by pulsed electric currents of several hundred amperes for approximately 50–150 μs to produce transient magnetic fields of approximately 1 T. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique employed for the transcranial stimulation of the human brain using a coil positioned on the surface of the head.
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